儒家: 《論語》 (公元前480年 – 公元前350年)

“The Analects of Confucius“ (480-350 BC) English translations by James Legge, or Leonard A. Lyall.

《論語》《季氏》16.10 :

孔子曰：「君子有九思：視思明，聽思聰，色思溫，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思問，忿思難，見得思義。」

Confucius said, “The superior man has nine things which are subjects with him of thoughtful consideration: 

• In regard to the use of his eyes, he is anxious to see clearly.
• In regard to the use of his ears, he is anxious to hear distinctly.
• In regard to his countenance, he is anxious that it should be benign.
• In regard to his demeanor, he is anxious that it should be respectful.
• In regard to his speech, he is anxious that it should be sincere.
• In regard to his doing of business, he is anxious that it should be reverently careful.
• In regard to what he doubts about, he is anxious to question others.
• When he is angry, he thinks of the difficulties (his anger may involve him in).
• When he sees gain to be got, he thinks of righteousness.”

【Alternative translation】Confucius said, “A gentleman has nine aims [9 thoughts about his deeds] : To see clearly; to understand what he hears; to be warm in manner, dignified in bearing, faithful of speech, keen at work; to ask when in doubt; in anger to think of difficulties; and in sight of gain to think of right.”

【原文】孔子曰：「君子有九思：视思明，听思聪，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思问，忿思难，见得思义。」

【白话解】孔子说：「君子有九种要用心思考的事：

• 看要看得明确，不可以有丝毫模糊。
• 听要听得清楚，不能够含混。
• 脸色要温和，不可以显得严厉难看。
• 容貌要谦虚恭敬有礼，不可以骄傲、轻忽他人。
• 言语要忠厚诚恳，没有虚假。
• 做事要认真负责，不可以懈怠懒惰。
• 有疑惑要想办法求教，不可以得过且过，混过日子。
• 生气的时候要想到后果灾难，不可以意气用事。
• 遇见可以取得的利益时，要想想是不是合乎义理？」

【试译】孔子说：“君子有九个问题要想到：一看，就想到要看清楚；一听，就想到要听真切；脸色一动，就想到要温和；举手投足，就想到要谦恭；一开口，就想到要实话实说；一做事，就想到要敬业；一有疑惑，就想到虚心请教；一冲动，就想到后患无穷；一见到名利，就想到道义在我心中。”