儒家: 《論語》 (公元前480年 – 公元前350年)
“The Analects of Confucius“ (480-350 BC) English translations by James Legge, or Leonard A. Lyall.
《論語》《述而》7.28 :
子曰:「蓋有不知而作之者,我無是也。多聞,擇其善者而從之,多見,而識之。知之次也*。」[*參考 《論語》《季氏》 16.9: 「生而知之者,上也; 學而知之者,次也。」; 及《論語》《述而》7.20: 子曰:「我非生而知之者。好古,敏以求之者也。」]
The Master said, “There may be those who act without knowing why. I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and following it; seeing much and keeping it in memory – this is the second style of getting knowledge.”
【Alternative translation】The Master said, “There may be men that do things without knowing why. I do not. To hear much, pick out the good and follow it; to see much and think it over; this comes next to wisdom.”
【現代漢語翻譯】孔子說:「有一種人,不瞭解情況就冒然行事,我不會這樣。多聽,向先進人物學習;多看,把細節牢記在心。就是掌握知識的最好方法。」
【试译】孔子说:“大概有本来不懂却要创作 [行事] 的人,我没有这本事。我是多听,挑其中好的采纳;多看,把好的记住。属于学而知之,第二等。”