《論語》-8.13《泰伯》The Analects of Confucius [L]

儒家: 《論語 (公元前480年 – 公元前350年)

The Analects of Confucius (480-350 BC) English translations by James Legge, or Leonard A. Lyall.

論語》《泰伯》8.13 :

子曰:「篤信好學,守死善道。危邦不入,亂邦不居。天下有道則見,無道則隱。邦有道,貧且賤焉,恥也;邦無道,富且貴焉,恥也。」

The Master said, “With sincere faith he unites the love of learning; holding firm to death, he is perfecting the excellence of his course. Such a one will not enter a tottering state, nor dwell in a disorganized one. When right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, he will show himself; when they are prostrated, he will keep concealed. When a country is well governed, poverty and a mean condition are things to be ashamed of. When a country is ill governed, riches and honor are things to be ashamed of.”

【Alternative translation】The Master said, “A man of simple faith, who loves learning, who guards and betters his way unto death, will not enter a tottering kingdom, nor stay in a lawless land. When all below heaven follows the Way, he is seen; when it loses the Way, he is unseen. While his land keeps the Way, he is ashamed to be poor and lowly; but when his land has lost the Way, wealth and honours shame him.”

【現代漢語翻譯】孔子說:「堅守信譽,努力學習,誓死主持正義;不入險地,不住亂世;國家太平則一展才華,社會黑暗則隱姓埋名。治世中,貧賤就是恥辱;亂世中,富貴也是恥辱。」

【原文】子曰:「笃信好学,守死善道。危邦不入,乱邦不居。天下有道则现,无道则隐。邦有道,贫且贱焉,耻也。邦无道,富且贵焉,耻也。」

【白话解】孔子说:「君子立身处世,应该好学不倦,诚信紧守仁道,对于善道要能坚守至死。危国不可入,乱国不可居。天下有道,政治上轨道之时,应该为国家服务,有所表现;天下无道,政治大乱,不能表现时,就退出隐居。国家政治清明时,仍然贫穷卑贱不能有所作为,是可耻的;国家政治混乱时,不肯退隐,仍然居高位又富有,更是可耻的。」

※ 按:本章常遭误解,以为「危邦不入,乱邦不居」,是置国家安危于不顾,是逃避、不负责任的行为。经查春秋史实,孔子所言:危国、乱国均指他国,他国已乱不可居住,他国已危,情势难以挽救,故曰:不可进入。读书求学最怕一知半解,望文生义,结果差之毫厘,谬以千里。误人误己不可不慎!

【试译】孔子说:“坚信善道,好修善道,用生命捍卫善道。危险的国家不去,混乱的国家不住。天下太平就出来做事,天下大乱就隐居起来。国家正义富庶,自己却贫困潦倒,可耻;国家混乱贫穷,自己却有钱有势,可耻。”