《學記》- 7 Record on the subject of education [T]

儒家: 《禮記》 – 《學記 (公元前475年 – 公元前221年)

Record on the subject of education (475-221 BC) English translation by James Legge

《學記》7 : — [施教之悖]

今之教者,呻其占畢,多其訊,言及于數,進而不顧其安,使人不由其誠,教人不盡其材;其施之也悖,其求之也佛。 夫然,故隱其學而疾其師,苦其難而不知其益也,雖終其業,其去之必速。教之不刑,其此之由乎!

According to the system of teaching now-a-days, (the masters) hum over the tablets which they see before them, multiplying their questions. They speak of the learners’ making rapid advances, and pay no regard to their reposing (in what they have acquired). In what they lay on their learners they are not sincere, nor do they put forth all their ability in teaching them. What they inculcate is contrary to what is right, and the learners are disappointed in what they seek for.  In such a case, the latter are distressed by their studies and hate their masters; they are embittered by the difficulties, and do not find any advantage from their (labour). They may seem to finish their work, but they quickly give up its lessons. That no results are seen from their instructions:-is it not owing to these defects?

【白话解】現今之教人者,口里雖然念著書本,心里并不通達,故意找些難題來問學生,講一些枯燥無味的名物制度,讓人聽不懂;但求多教,不管學生明不明白。而且教人時沒有一點誠意,又不衡量學生的程度與學習能力;對學生的教導違反情理,學生求學也違逆不順如此一來,使得學生愈來愈厭惡學習而且憎惡師長;以學習為難為苦,而不明白學習的快樂與好處。雖然課業勉強讀完了,也很快就忘得一乾二凈。教育之所以不能成功,原因就在此。

【原文】今之教者,呻其占毕,多其讯,言及于数,进而不顾其安,使人不由其诚,教人不尽其材,其施之也悖,其求之也佛。夫然,故隐其学而疾其师,苦其难而不知其益也。虽终其业,其去之必速,教之不刑,其此之由乎!  

翻譯今天的教师,单靠朗诵课文,大量灌输,一味赶进度,而不顾学生的接受能力,致使他们不能安下心来求学。教人不能因材施教,不能使学生的才能得到充分的发展。教学的方法违背了教学的原则,提出的要求不合学生的实际。这样,学生就会痛恶他的学业,并怨恨他的老师,苦于学业的艰难,而不懂得它的好处。虽然学习结业,他所学的东西必然忘得快。教学的目的也就达不到,其原因就在这里啊!